It’s best to have 1 main thesis statement or overarching theme and 3 main points that back-up or flesh-out your main theme. Any more than that and your audience is going to start losing interest. This means that any facts and information that are a part of your presentation should back up these 3 main points and overarching theme. For example: If you’re giving a presentation about 17th century alchemy, bringing up the history of alchemy is fine (and probably necessary), but don’t mire your audience in its history instead of focusing alchemy in the 17th century. Your 3 points could be something like “alchemy in public opinion,” “famous 17th century alchemists,” and “the legacy of 17th century alchemy. "
Pick your very best supporting facts, information, or quotes for your presentation. Don’t bury your audience in information.
Make sure you’re using media to enhance your presentation and not to drown it out. The presentation is key. Anything else is just accessorizing. For example: to get back to 17th century alchemy, to back up your information about alchemy in the public opinion, you might want to show images from public pamphlets about the dangers of alchemy and see what people of the time period had to say about it and see what the more famous alchemists had to say about it. Also, you want to make sure that you pick a medium that you are comfortable in and thorough in knowledge. If you don’t know a thing about PowerPoint, maybe consider writing your main points on a white board, or passing out handouts with your main points and evidence on them. [3] X Research source
A good tip is to film yourself or audiotape of yourself giving your practice presentation so you can see what distracting verbal and physical tics you have, so that you can work on eliminating them before the presentation itself. (Verbs tics would be things like “um. . . " and “uh. . . " and using “like” inappropriately; physical tics are things like shifting your weight from foot to foot or messing with your hair. ) To stop yourself from saying “um” or other unwanted tics, be aware you’re doing it first, then speak more slowly and deliberately. Breathe deeply and feel free to pause and appreciate the silence. These will all help you to have mastery over your tics. Just remember that rehearsals usually run about 20% shorter than your actual presentation, so take that into account if you’re running on a time limit.
For example, if you aren’t comfortable wearing heels, don’t wear them just for the presentation. You’ll be distracted by your discomfort and that will come across in the presentation. There are plenty of good shoe choices that have no or a low heel. Clean, nice slacks or a skirt and nice, button-down shirt in neutral colors are always good choices for presentation wear. You also don’t particularly want your clothing choice to distract from the presentation, so perhaps avoid that brilliant hot pink shirt.
Before the presentation, clench and unclench your hands several times to deal with the adrenaline and then take 3 deep, slow breaths. Call up a smile, even if you feel like hurling. You can trick your brain into thinking that you’re less anxious than you actually are and you’ll also be able to hide your nervousness from your audience.
Make eye contact with your audience. Don’t stare at one particular person, but section up the room and make eye contact with someone in each section on a rotational basis. Have a big, welcoming smile on your face, with lots of energy, so you start out from a strong and engaging place. Ask questions of your audience and take questions during your presentation. This will make it more of a conversation and therefore more interesting. Tell an amusing anecdote to illustrate your point. From the above examples about 17th century alchemy, you could find an amusing alchemical anecdote from the time period, or you could talk about your own forays into alchemy.
Move around, but make your movements deliberate. Don’t nervously shift your feet (in fact, it’s a good idea to imagine that your feet are nailed to the floor except for those times you deliberately choose to move). Use your vocal inflections to create a more dynamic presentation. Vary your voice as you’re talking. Nobody (ever) wants to sit there and listen to someone drone on and on in dull monotone, no matter how interesting the material (think Professor Binns from Harry Potter; that’s what you don’t want). Try to create a balance between rehearsed and spontaneous. Spontaneous, on the spot, movement and asides can be great as long as you are really comfortable, otherwise they can sidetrack your presentation and make it rambling. Mess around with spontaneous and rehearsed when you’re practicing and you’ll get a feel for it.
Quickly introduce your topic and don’t assume that your audience is familiar with all the terms, especially if your topic is one that isn’t widely known. Figuring out why you want (or have to) give this presentation will help you work with an overarching story/theme. Maybe you want to pass the class. Maybe you’re convincing people to give you money or join you in a philanthropic endeavor or act for a social or political reason. Channel that desire into your presentation. You’re answering the question of why they would want to pass you or why they would want to fund you. That’s the story you’re telling.
Make use of pauses, and learn to be comfortable with silences. Silence can be a powerful presentation tool and gives you a chance to take a moment to recompose. By taking pauses, you can slow down your breathing and be more deliberate in your speech, avoiding speaking too quickly. Have water with you and take a sip when you feel you’re going too fast. If you have a friend in the class or meeting, arrange with them beforehand that they will let you know with a signal whether you’re talking too quickly. Look over their way occasionally and check your progress. If you find that you’re running out of time and you haven’t finished, simply drop or summarize your leftover material. Acknowledge the leftover material as something that can be discussed later or in the Q&A.
Make it clear what the listeners now know and why it is important that they have this new information. Conclude with examples or stories about your main point and take home message. You might want a slide which summarizes your presentation. For example, you might conclude with a story about the nature of alchemy in the modern era (perhaps in a film) to show its malleable nature.
